"Eleanor Hadley was a woman ahead of her time. An undergraduate student of Japanese and economics in wartime Tokyo, she was one of the first Westerners to visit Japanese-occupied Nanking following the massacre of 1937. While working on a Ph.D. in economics at Harvard, she was recruited by the U.S. government for her knowledge of Japanese zai-batsu (business combines) and subsequently became one of MacArthur's key advisors during the Occupation. After completing her doctorate, she looked forward to a career in Washington until she learned she was being blacklisted for "close personal and professional association with known leftist personnel" while in Tokyo. Seventeen years passed before Hadley's name was cleared; in the meantime she worked in social service organizations and taught economics at Smith College. She returned to government service in 1967 and a distinguished career as a senior policy analyst with the U.S. Tariff Commission and the General Accounting Office. Widely known (and feared) by Japanese businessmen and government leaders as "the trust-busting beauty," Hadley published Antitrust in Japan, a seminal work on the impact of postwar deconcentration measures, in 1970. She received the Order of the Sacred Treasure from the Japanese government in 1986." Hadley's personal story provides a colorful backdrop to her substantive discussions of early postwar policies, which were created to provide Japan with a more efficient and competitive economy. Issues that Hadley and her colleagues faced during and after the Occupation have once again become relevant internationally - notably those involving antitrust, pro-competition, and family-owned big business groups in developing countries whose highly concentrated economic power typically spills over into politics.