The logic and language of auditing for fraud. A revised and condensed version of the groundbreaking 1960 classic in which Cardwell introduced a comprehensive strategy for detection and deterrence of "inside theft" (the fraudulent transfer of value from owners, undertaken by employees for their own benefit or that of their accomplices). One of six components of this strategy, audit surveillance is centered on the accounting system, grounded in the proprietorship equation, and includes techniques used by auditors in detection of complements, fraudulent credits, and certain forms of conversion; including tests of reasonableness, verification methods, conversion surveillance, and oral inquiry.